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1 Winchester College
n. Winchester College, oudste Engelse openbare school in Winchester (Engeland) -
2 Winchester College
◙ n. מכללת ווינצ'סטר, בית הספר האנגלי הממלכתי הותיק ביותר הנמצא ב ווינצ'סטר (אנגליה)* * *◙ (הילגנא) רטס'צניוו ב אצמנה רתויב קיתוה יתכלממה ילגנאה רפסה תיב,רטס'צניוו תללכמ◄ -
3 Winchester College
['wɪntʃɪstə,kɔlɪdʒ]Уи́нчестер-Ко́лледж, Уинче́стерский ко́лле́дж (одна из девяти старейших престижных мужских привилегированных средних школ [см. public school]; находится в г. Уинчестере; плата за обучение высокая. Основана в 1382 Уильямом из Уикама [William of Wykeham], епископом Уинчестерским; ок. 650 учащихся)English-Russian Great Britain dictionary (Великобритания. Лингвострановедческий словарь) > Winchester College
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4 college
'koli‹((any or all of the buildings housing) a higher-education institution: He studies at agricultural college.) høyskole; fakultet på universitetet; høyere skolesubst. \/ˈkɒlɪdʒ\/1) universitetsavdeling, college2) collegebygning3) skole, yrkesskole, høyskole, institutt4) kollegium, fakultetcollege of further education forklaring: skole som tilbyr videreutdanning på et nivå under høyskole og universitet -
5 Winchester
I ['wɪntʃɪstə]Уи́нчестер, Ви́нчестер (то же, что Winchester College)II ['wɪntʃɪstə]Уи́нчестер (древний город; в средние века один из политических центров Англии; находится в графстве Гэмпшир)English-Russian Great Britain dictionary (Великобритания. Лингвострановедческий словарь) > Winchester
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6 wykehamist
n. Wykehamist, (oud-)leerling van Winchester College, afgestudeerde van Winchester College -
7 Mansfield, Charles Blachford
SUBJECT AREA: Chemical technology[br]b. 8 May 1819 Rowner, Hampshire, Englandd. 26 February 1855 London, England[br]English chemist, founder of coal-tar chemistry.[br]Mansfield, the son of a country clergyman, was educated privately at first, then at Winchester College and at Cambridge; ill health, which dogged his early years, delayed his graduation until 1846. He was first inclined to medicine, but after settling in London, chemistry seemed to him to offer the true basis of the grand scheme of knowledge he aimed to establish. After completing the chemistry course at the Royal College of Chemistry in London, he followed the suggestion of its first director, A.W.von Hofmann, of investigating the chemistry of coal tar. This work led to a result of great importance for industry by demonstrating the valuable substances that could be extracted from coal tar. Mansfield obtained pure benzene, and toluene by a process for which he was granted a patent in 1848 and published in the Chemical Society's journal the same year The following year he published a pamphlet on the applications of benzene.Blessed with a private income, Mansfield had no need to support himself by following a regular profession. He was therefore able to spread his brilliant talents in several directions instead of confining them to a single interest. During the period of unrest in 1848, he engaged in social work with a particular concern to improve sanitation. In 1850, a description of a balloon machine in Paris led him to study aeronautics for a while, which bore fruit in an influential book, Aerial Navigation (London, 1851). He then visited Paraguay, making a characteristically thorough and illuminating study of conditions there. Upon his return to London in 1853, Mansfield resumed his chemical studies, especially on salts. He published his results in 1855 as Theory of Salts, his most important contribution to chemical theory.Mansfield was in the process of preparing specimens of benzene for the Paris Exhibition of 1855 when a naphtha still overflowed and caught fire. In carrying it to a place of safety, Mansfield sustained injuries which unfortunately proved fatal.[br]Bibliography1851, Aerial Navigation, London. 1855, Theory of Salts, London.Further ReadingE.R.Ward, 1969, "Charles Blachford Mansfield, 1819–1855, coal tar chemist and social reformer", Chemistry and Industry 66:1,530–7 (offers a good and well-documented account of his life and achievements).LRDBiographical history of technology > Mansfield, Charles Blachford
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8 Wykehamist
subst. \/ˈwɪkəmɪst\/forklaring: nåværende eller tidligere elev ved Winchester College -
9 don
[dɔn]1) разг. член сове́та ко́лле́джа, преподаватель (в Оксфордском и Кембриджском университетах [ Oxford University, Cambridge University])2) преподава́тель (в Уинчестер-Колледже [ Winchester College])English-Russian Great Britain dictionary (Великобритания. Лингвострановедческий словарь) > don
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10 public school
[,pʌblɪk'skuːl]па́блик-скул, привилегиро́ванная ча́стная сре́дняя шко́ла (закрытая, чаще школа-интернат для мальчиков; в таких школах, в основном, обучаются дети из состоятельных семей, поскольку плата за обучение в них высокая; принимаются дети в возрасте 13 лет; школа готовит к поступлению в университет; впоследствии многие выпускники таких школ, особ. девяти старейших престижных [см. Eton, Harrow School, Winchester College, Westminster School, St Paul's School, Merchant Taylors' School, Rugby 1., Charterhouse School, Shrewsbury School] занимают ключевые позиции в политической и экономической жизни страны, на что ориентирована вся система обучения и воспитания; см. тж. preparatory school)English-Russian Great Britain dictionary (Великобритания. Лингвострановедческий словарь) > public school
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11 Wykehamist
['wɪkəmɪst]уи́кемист, винче́стерец (воспитанник Уинчестерского колледжа [ Winchester College])по имени основателя колледжа Уильяма из Уикема [William of Wykeham, 1324-1404]English-Russian Great Britain dictionary (Великобритания. Лингвострановедческий словарь) > Wykehamist
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12 Wykehamist
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13 WCC
1) Общая лексика: тип простой углеродистой стали2) Военный термин: Western Cartridge Company, weapons control concept, weapons control console, weapon control computer3) Техника: work piece control computer4) Химия: Всемирный Совет по хлору5) Математика: слабо вполне непрерывный (weakly completely continuous)6) Религия: Wheatland Community Church7) Юридический термин: Winchester Cartridge Company, white collar crime8) Сокращение: Weapons Control Computer, World Council of Churches, World Crafts Council, Write Control Character9) Университет: Washington Campus Compact, Western Christian College, World Citi College10) Физиология: World Cornea Congress11) Нефть: weighted cost of capital12) Онкология: White Cell Count13) Фирменный знак: Walter Cattle Company, Weatherly Casting Company, Wendell Cox Consultancy15) Макаров: workpiece control computer16) Правительство: Wilmington City Council -
14 Merivale, John Herman
SUBJECT AREA: Mining and extraction technology[br]b. mid-nineteenth centuryd. after 1895[br]English mining educator.[br]J.H.Merivale had the distinction of being elected to the first English professorship in mining when a chair in this subject was endowed by a group of prominent coal-mine owners at the Durham College of Science, Newcastle upon Tyne (then the University of Durham, but subsequently to become the nucleus of the University of Newcastle). He was the son of Dean Merivale, a distinguished Roman historian, and had been educated at Winchester. He had been the first student to register to train as a mining engineer at the school of science in Durham. He served as Professor for fifteen years, resigning in 1895 to become Manager of the Broomhill collieries. About a hundred students attended his classes in 1887–8, and the College acquired a reputation for supplying more Government Inspectors of Mines than any other institution.[br]Further ReadingR.A.Buchanan, 1989, The Engineers, p. 173. C.E.Whiting, 1932, University of Durham, p. 197.AB -
15 Monro, Philip Peter
SUBJECT AREA: Chemical technology[br]b. 27 May 1946 London, England[br]English biologist, inventor of a water-purification process by osmosis.[br]Monro's whole family background is engineering, an interest he did not share. Instead, he preferred biology, an enthusiasm aroused by reading the celebrated Science of Life by H.G. and G.P.Wells and Julian Huxley. Educated at a London comprehensive school, Monro found it necessary to attend evening classes while at school to take his advanced level science examinations. Lacking parental support, he could not pursue a degree course until he was 21 years old, and so he gained valuable practical experience as a research technician. He resumed his studies and took a zoology degree at Portsmouth Polytechnic. He then worked in a range of zoology and medical laboratories, culminating after twelve years as a Senior Experimental Officer at Southampton Medical School. In 1989 he relinquished his post to devote himself fall time to developing his inventions as Managing Director of Hampshire Advisory and Technical Services Ltd (HATS). Also in 1988 he obtained his PhD from Southampton University, in the field of embryology.Monro had meanwhile been demonstrating a talent for invention, mainly in microscopy. His most important invention, however, is of a water-purification system. The idea for it came from Michael Wilson of the Institute of Dental Surgery in London, who evolved a technique for osmotic production of sterile oral rehydration solutions, of particular use in treating infants suffering from diarrhoea in third-world countries. Monro broadened the original concept to include dried food, intravenous solutions and even dried blood. The process uses simple equipment and no external power and works as follows: a dry sugar/salts mixture is sealed in one compartment of a double bag, the common wall of which is a semipermeable membrane. Impure water is placed in the empty compartment and the water transfers across the membrane by the osmotic force of the sugar/salts. As the pores in the membrane exclude all viruses, bacteria and their toxins, a sterile solution is produced.With the help of a research fellowship granted for humanitarian reasons at King Alfred College, Winchester, the invention was developed to functional prototype stage in 1993, with worldwide patent protection. Commercial production was expected to follow, if sufficient financial backing were forthcoming. The process is not intended to replace large installations, but will revolutionize the small-scale production of sterile water in scattered third-world communities and in disaster areas where normal services have been disrupted.HATS was awarded First Prize in the small business category and was overall prize winner in the Toshiba Year of Invention, received a NatWest/BP award for technology and a Prince of Wales Award for Innovation.[br]Bibliography1993, with M.Wilson and W.A.M.Cutting, "Osmotic production of sterile oral rehydration solutions", Tropical Doctor 23:69–72.LRD -
16 Morland, Sir Samuel
SUBJECT AREA: Mechanical, pneumatic and hydraulic engineering[br]b. 1625 Sulhampton, near Reading, Berkshire, Englandd. 26 December 1695 Hammersmith, near London, England[br]English mathematician and inventor.[br]Morland was one of several sons of the Revd Thomas Morland and was probably initially educated by his father. He went to Winchester School from 1639 to 1644 and then to Magdalene College, Cambridge, where he graduated BA in 1648 and MA in 1652. He was appointed a tutor there in 1650. In 1653 he went to Sweden in the ambassadorial staff of Bulstrode Whitelocke and remained there until 1654. In that year he was appointed Clerk to Mr Secretary Thurloe, and in 1655 he was accredited by Oliver Cromwell to the Duke of Savoy to appeal for the Waldenses. In 1657 he married Susanne de Milleville of Boissy, France, with whom he had three children. In 1660 he went over to the Royalists, meeting King Charles at Breda, Holland. On 20 May, the King knighted him, creating him baron, for revealing a conspiracy against the king's life. He was also granted a pension of£500 per year. In 1661, at the age of 36, he decided to devote himself to mathematics and invention. He devised a mechanical calculator, probably based on the pattern of Blaise Pascal, for adding and subtracting: this was followed in 1666 by one for multiplying and other functions. A Perpetual Calendar or Almanack followed; he toyed with the idea of a "gunpowder engine" for raising water; he developed a range of speaking trum-pets, said to have a range of 1/2 to 1 mile (0.8–1.6 km) or more; also iron stoves for use on board ships, and improvements to barometers.By 1675 he had started selling a range of pumps for private houses, for mines or deep wells, for ships, for emptying ponds or draining low ground as well as to quench fire or wet the sails of ships. The pumps cost from £5 to £63, and the great novelty was that he used, instead of packing around the cylinder sealing against the bore of the cylinder, a neck-gland or seal around the outside diameter of the piston or piston-rod. This revolutionary step avoided the necessity of accurately boring the cylinder, replacing it with the need to machine accurately the outside diameter of the piston or rod, a much easier operation. Twenty-seven variations of size and materials were included in his schedule of'Pumps or Water Engines of Isaac Thompson of Great Russel Street', the maker of Morland's design. In 1681 the King made him "Magister mechanicorum", or Master of Machines. In that year he sailed for France to advise Louis XIV on the waterworks being built at Marly to supply the Palace of Versailles. About this time he had shown King Charles plans for a pumping engine "worked by fire alone". He petitioned for a patent for this, but did not pursue the matter.In 1692 he went blind. In all, he married five times. While working for Cromwell he became an expert in ciphers, in opening sealed letters and in their rapid copying.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsKnighted 1660.Bibliography1685, Elevation des eaux.Further ReadingH.W.Dickinson, 1970, Sir Samuel Morland: Diplomat and Inventor, Cambridge: Newcomen Society/Heffers.IMcN
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